Cov tshuaj lom neeg nyob hauv polyurethane ua npuas dej?

Cov tshuaj lom neeg nyob hauv polyurethane ua npuas dej?

Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws siv nyob rau hauv cov rooj tog, pam vov, rwb thaiv tsev, thiab ntim. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev tshuaj lom neeg ntawm polycs thiab isocyanates, tsim tus qauv ua npuas ncauj lossis tawv nqaij npuas. Txawm li cas los xij, Polyurethane ua npuas dej tuaj yeem muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv, suav nrog catalysts, surfactants, nplaim taws, thiab tshuab cov neeg sawv cev. Nkag siab cov khoom siv no tseem ceeb rau kev ntsuas nws qhov kev nyab xeeb thiab ib puag ncig kev cuam tshuam.

1. Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv polyurethane ua npuas ncauj

a. Polyols

Polyols yog cov tsev tseem ceeb ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Cov tebchaw no, muab tau los ntawm cov roj av lossis cov chaw cog qoob loo, txiav txim siab ua npuas ncauj thiab siv tau. Hom Hom muaj xws li:

Polyether Polyols- Muab elasticity thiab softness (siv hauv foams foams zoo li daim txaj pw).

Polyester Polyols- Muaj ntau zog thiab rigidity (siv nyob rau hauv rwb thaiv tsev thiab rigid foams).

b. Isocyanates

Isocyanates yog cov tshuaj kho tau yooj yim uas pab ua cov qauv ua npuas ncauj. Cov hom feem ntau suav nrog:

Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI)- Siv rau hauv cov khoom siv ua kom zoo, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tso cov pa hluav taws zoo.

Methylene Diphenylyd Diisocyanate (MDI)- Ntau ruaj khov dua TDI thiab nquag siv hauv cov npuas ua npuas.

Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI)- pom hauv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua npuas dej siab ua npuas.

Raug rau Isocyanates tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa tawm thiab kev ua xua, tshwj xeeb yog thaum ua npuas ncauj.

2. Cov tshuaj ntxiv nyob rau hauv polyurethane ua npuas ncauj

Txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb, cov chaw tsim khoom ntxiv rau ntau yam tshuaj rau polyurethane ua npuas ncauj:

a. Tshuab cov neeg sawv cev

Tshuab cov neeg sawv cev tsim cov npaus tus qauv. Tshuaj lom ib txwm muaj chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS), tab sis vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb ib puag ncig, lawv tau hloov nrog:

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCS)- Tsis muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li CFCS tab sis tseem pab txhawb kev ua kom sov.

Dej-tshuab ua npuas ncauj- Siv dej los tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide, uas nthuav cov npuas dej.

b. Catalysts

Catalysts ua kom ceev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm polycs thiab Isocyanates. Cov Catalysts ib txwm muaj xws li:

Tus kuv noj- Pab tswj ua npuas ncauj thiab ntom ntom.

Tin-based catalysts- Txhim kho kev ua npuas dej kom ruaj khov thiab ua kom ntev.

c. Nplaim taws retardants

Txhawm rau kom ntsib cov kev cai hluav taws, polyurethane ua npuas ncauj feem ntau muaj nplaim retardants, xws li:

Halogenated FRAME Retardants- Muaj cov bromine lossis cov tshuaj chlorine tab sis tau sib kis vim yog kev txhawj xeeb toxicity.

Phosphorus-raws li nplaim retardants- siv los ua kev nyab xeeb dua.

Melamine tebchaw- Txhim kho cov hluav taws kub tiv thaiv tsis muaj kev phom sij.

Cov nplaim hluav taws me dua liPolybrominated Diphenyl yog cov neeg txawj ntse (PBDES)tau raug txwv vim muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai.

d. Surfactants

Surfactants pab tswj lub foam cov qauv xov tooj thiab xyuas kom meej meej txawm nthuav dav. Cov qauv piv txwv suav nrog:

Silicone-based surfactants- Txhim kho kev ua npuas dej sib xws thiab hloov tau.

e. Cov nplaum thiab cov neeg tuag

Qee cov npaus muajCov nplaum, cov xim, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaivTxhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom lag luam durability thiab tsos. Txawm li cas los xij, cov no tuaj yeem qhia ntxiv cov lus teb chaws organic ntxiv (vocs) uas ua rau muaj kev sib dhos.

3. Kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig

Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem tso tawmVocs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tshiab. Cov kuab pa no, hu uaOff-gassing, yuav suav nrog:

Formaldehyde(hauv qee cov nplaum).

Toluene thiab Benzene(los ntawm cov roj av sib xyaw ua ke).

Isocyanates(thaum kev tsim khoom, tab sis tsawg dua li hauv cov khoom tiav).

Cov neeg tau txais kev txhawj xeeb txog kev siv tshuaj lom neeg yuav tsum saib rauDaim Ntawv Pov Ntawv-US® lossis Oeko-Tex® Daim Ntawv Ua npuas ncauj, uas yog kuaj rau cov tshuaj muaj teeb meem.

4. Tag

Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog tsim los ntawmPolyols, Isocyanates, Tshuab cov neeg sawv cev, catalysts, thiab ntxivZoo li nplaim taws retardants thiab surfactants. Thaum nws muab kev nplij siab thiab rwb thaiv tsev, qee cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv polyurethane ua npuas dej tuaj yeem ua rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig. Xaiv cov khoom lag luam ua npuas dej tsawg tuaj yeem pab txo cov khoom muaj teeb meem uas muaj teeb meem.